NCERT History Class 10 | The Nineteenth Century – Concept and Notes
Topic & sub-topics covered: The Nineteenth Century, Children, Women and Workers, Further Innovations: Print Culture and The Modern World (All single detail notes are exam-oriented).
We have discussed in-depth and exam-oriented pointers that can be asked in the board exam of class 10th about “The Nineteenth Century, Children, Women and Workers, Further Innovations” which is taken from the NCERT History book for class 10th chapter no. 5 “Print Culture and The Modern World“.
Download NCERT History Chapter 5 Class 10th Notes PDF for “Print Culture and The Modern World”
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NCERT Class 10 History Chapter 5 Print Culture And The Modern World Class 10th Notes & Concept
The Nineteenth Century
- The nineteenth century saw vast leaps in mass literacy in Europe, bringing in large numbers of new readers among children, women and workers.
Children, Women and Workers
1. Impact of Compulsory Primary Education:
- With the introduction of compulsory primary education in the late nineteenth century, children emerged as a significant group of readers.
- The production of school textbooks became crucial for the publishing industry to cater to the educational needs of children.
2. Development of Children’s Literature:
- A children’s press, specializing in literature for children, was established in France in 1857, emphasizing the importance of creating content specifically for young readers.
- Traditional folk tales, like those compiled by the Grimm Brothers in Germany, underwent editing to make them suitable for children and to align with societal standards.
3. Role of Women in Reading and Writing:
- Women played a pivotal role as both readers and writers during the nineteenth century.
- Penny magazines and manuals on etiquette and housekeeping were targeted towards women, while female novelists like Jane Austen and the Bronte sisters gained prominence, shaping perceptions of womanhood.
4. Emergence of Lending Libraries:
- Lending libraries, established in the seventeenth century, expanded their role in educating white-collar workers, artisans, and the lower-middle class in nineteenth-century England.
- These libraries served as avenues for self-improvement and self-expression for working-class individuals, who also engaged in writing political tracts and autobiographies to express their ideas and experiences.
Further Innovations
1. Evolution of Printing Technology:
- In the late eighteenth century, printing presses transitioned from wood to metal construction.
- Richard M. Hoe’s power-driven cylindrical press, perfected in the mid-nineteenth century, significantly increased printing capacity to 8,000 sheets per hour, primarily benefiting newspaper production.
- The late nineteenth century saw the development of the offset press, capable of printing multiple colours simultaneously, revolutionizing printing capabilities.
2. Innovations in the Twentieth Century:
- Electrically operated presses, introduced at the turn of the twentieth century, accelerated printing processes.
- Continuous advancements such as improved paper feeding methods, better plate quality, and the introduction of automatic paper reels and photoelectric colour control further enhanced printing efficiency and quality.
3. Marketing Strategies:
- Nineteenth-century periodicals serialized novels, shaping a unique approach to writing novels.
- In England during the 1920s, popular works were sold in affordable series like the Shilling Series, making literature more accessible to the masses.
- The introduction of dust covers or book jackets in the twentieth century added visual appeal to books.
- During the Great Depression in the 1930s, publishers released cheap paperback editions to sustain book purchases amidst economic downturns.
Next & Previous Topics of NCERT/CBSE History Class 10 Chapter 5: Print Culture and the Modern World
MCQs on NCERT Civics Class 10 Chapter 4 Tpoic – The Nineteenth Century
Here are top exam oriented mcq’s type questions on “The Nineteenth Century” that you should prepare for your CBSE or state board exams:
Question 1. What contributed to a rise in mass literacy in Europe in the nineteenth century?
A) Decline of traditional education
B) Rise of primary education and compulsory schooling
C) Ban on oral storytelling
D) Industrialization of printing machines
Answer: B) Rise of primary education and compulsory schooling
Question 2. Who became an important category of readers due to compulsory primary education in the nineteenth century?
A) Workers
B) Women
C) Children
D) Industrialists
Answer: C) Children
Question 3. Which country set up a children’s press devoted exclusively to literature for children in 1857?
A) Germany
B) England
C) France
D) Italy
Answer: C) France
Question 4. What type of stories did the Grimm Brothers compile?
A) Religious texts
B) Traditional folk tales
C) Historical narratives
D) Scientific discoveries
Answer: B) Traditional folk tales
Question 5. How were the folk tales compiled by the Grimm Brothers modified before publication?
A) They were made more complex
B) They were edited to exclude unsuitable and vulgar elements
C) They were translated into English
D) They were shortened for quick reading
Answer: B) They were edited to exclude unsuitable and vulgar elements
Question 6. What were penny magazines in the nineteenth century primarily targeted towards?
A) Children
B) Women
C) Workers
D) Students
Answer: B) Women
Question 7. Which type of writing became instrumental in defining a “new type of woman” in the nineteenth century?
A) Political essays
B) Religious texts
C) Novels by women authors
D) Scientific papers
Answer: C) Novels by women authors
Question 8. Who among the following was NOT a well-known female novelist of the nineteenth century?
A) Jane Austen
B) George Eliot
C) Bronte sisters
D) Thomas Hardy
Answer: D) Thomas Hardy
Question 9. What qualities were associated with the “new type of woman” portrayed in novels of the nineteenth century?
A) Submissiveness and docility
B) Strength of personality, will, and determination
C) Knowledge of science and technology
D) Artistic and musical abilities
Answer: B) Strength of personality, will, and determination
Question 10. What was the role of lending libraries in the nineteenth century?
A) Promoting religious education
B) Educating white-collar workers and artisans
C) Spreading propaganda
D) Preserving ancient manuscripts
Answer: B) Educating white-collar workers and artisans
Question 11. What did self-educated workers often write during the nineteenth century?
A) Novels and fairy tales
B) Political tracts and autobiographies
C) Instructional manuals
D) Religious scriptures
Answer: B) Political tracts and autobiographies
Question 12. What facilitated workers’ engagement in self-improvement activities?
A) Introduction of automation in factories
B) Shortened working hours from the mid-nineteenth century
C) Subsidies provided by the government
D) Availability of free education
Answer: B) Shortened working hours from the mid-nineteenth century
Question 13. Who perfected the power-driven cylindrical press in the mid-nineteenth century?
A) Thomas Edison
B) Richard M. Hoe
C) Johannes Gutenberg
D) Benjamin Franklin
Answer: B) Richard M. Hoe
Question 14. What was the printing capacity of the cylindrical press invented by Richard M. Hoe?
A) 2,000 sheets per hour
B) 5,000 sheets per hour
C) 8,000 sheets per hour
D) 10,000 sheets per hour
Answer: C) 8,000 sheets per hour
Question 15. Which printing technology, developed in the late nineteenth century, could print up to six colours at a time?
A) Power-driven press
B) Offset press
C) Lithographic press
D) Rotary press
Answer: B) Offset press
Question 16. What improvement in printing operations occurred in the twentieth century?
A) Introduction of steam-powered presses
B) Electrically operated presses
C) Manual feeding of paper
D) Hand-carved plates for printing
Answer: B) Electrically operated presses
Question 17. Which innovation enhanced the quality and efficiency of printing in the twentieth century?
A) Handwritten manuscripts
B) Photoelectric controls of the colour register
C) Use of stone blocks for printing
D) Manual bookbinding techniques
Answer: B) Photoelectric controls of the colour register
Question 18. What was a notable strategy used by publishers in the nineteenth century to sell novels?
A) Printing novels in expensive leather-bound editions
B) Serializing novels in periodicals
C) Banning other forms of literature
D) Promoting novels through government support
Answer: B) Serializing novels in periodicals
Question 19. What was the name of the cheap book series introduced in the 1920s in England?
A) Paperback Series
B) Shilling Series
C) Budget Books
D) Popular Literature Series
Answer: B) Shilling Series
Question 20. Which innovation in book packaging emerged in the twentieth century?
A) Hardcover bindings
B) Illustrated manuscripts
C) Dust covers or book jackets
D) Leather-bound editions
Answer: C) Dust covers or book jackets
Question 21. How did publishers respond to the Great Depression of the 1930s to maintain book sales?
A) Increased book prices
B) Published books in cheap paperback editions
C) Discontinued publication of novels
D) Focused on children’s literature
Answer: B) Published books in cheap paperback editions
FAQ
Q1. How did compulsory primary education impact reading habits in the nineteenth century?
Answer: Compulsory education led to increased literacy rates among children, making them significant readers. Textbook production became crucial, catering to educational needs.
Q2. What role did women play in reading and writing during the nineteenth century?
Answer: Women were pivotal readers and writers, with magazines and novels targeting them. Female authors like Jane Austen shaped perceptions of womanhood, contributing to literature.
Q3. What were the key innovations in printing technology during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?
Answer: Printing technology evolved from wood to metal presses, with inventions like Richard M. Hoe’s power-driven press and the offset press. Twentieth-century innovations included electric presses and marketing strategies like affordable series and paperback editions.