NCERT History Class 10 | The Nineteenth Century – Concept and Notes
Topic & sub-topics covered: The Nineteenth Century, Children, Women and Workers, Further Innovations: Print Culture and The Modern World (All single detail notes are exam-oriented).
We have discussed in-depth and exam-oriented pointers that can be asked in the board exam of class 10th about “The Nineteenth Century, Children, Women and Workers, Further Innovations” which is taken from the NCERT History book for class 10th chapter no. 5 “Print Culture and The Modern World“.
Download NCERT History Chapter 5 Class 10th Notes PDF for “Print Culture and The Modern World”
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NCERT Class 10 History Chapter 5 Print Culture And The Modern World Class 10th Notes & Concept
The Nineteenth Century
- The nineteenth century saw vast leaps in mass literacy in Europe, bringing in large numbers of new readers among children, women and workers.
Children, Women and Workers
1. Impact of Compulsory Primary Education:
- With the introduction of compulsory primary education in the late nineteenth century, children emerged as a significant group of readers.
- The production of school textbooks became crucial for the publishing industry to cater to the educational needs of children.
2. Development of Children’s Literature:
- A children’s press, specializing in literature for children, was established in France in 1857, emphasizing the importance of creating content specifically for young readers.
- Traditional folk tales, like those compiled by the Grimm Brothers in Germany, underwent editing to make them suitable for children and to align with societal standards.
3. Role of Women in Reading and Writing:
- Women played a pivotal role as both readers and writers during the nineteenth century.
- Penny magazines and manuals on etiquette and housekeeping were targeted towards women, while female novelists like Jane Austen and the Bronte sisters gained prominence, shaping perceptions of womanhood.
4. Emergence of Lending Libraries:
- Lending libraries, established in the seventeenth century, expanded their role in educating white-collar workers, artisans, and the lower-middle class in nineteenth-century England.
- These libraries served as avenues for self-improvement and self-expression for working-class individuals, who also engaged in writing political tracts and autobiographies to express their ideas and experiences.
Further Innovations
1. Evolution of Printing Technology:
- In the late eighteenth century, printing presses transitioned from wood to metal construction.
- Richard M. Hoe’s power-driven cylindrical press, perfected in the mid-nineteenth century, significantly increased printing capacity to 8,000 sheets per hour, primarily benefiting newspaper production.
- The late nineteenth century saw the development of the offset press, capable of printing multiple colours simultaneously, revolutionizing printing capabilities.
2. Innovations in the Twentieth Century:
- Electrically operated presses, introduced at the turn of the twentieth century, accelerated printing processes.
- Continuous advancements such as improved paper feeding methods, better plate quality, and the introduction of automatic paper reels and photoelectric colour control further enhanced printing efficiency and quality.
3. Marketing Strategies:
- Nineteenth-century periodicals serialized novels, shaping a unique approach to writing novels.
- In England during the 1920s, popular works were sold in affordable series like the Shilling Series, making literature more accessible to the masses.
- The introduction of dust covers or book jackets in the twentieth century added visual appeal to books.
- During the Great Depression in the 1930s, publishers released cheap paperback editions to sustain book purchases amidst economic downturns.
Next & Previous Topics of NCERT/CBSE History Class 10 Chapter 5: Print Culture and the Modern World
FAQ
Q1. How did compulsory primary education impact reading habits in the nineteenth century?
Answer: Compulsory education led to increased literacy rates among children, making them significant readers. Textbook production became crucial, catering to educational needs.
Q2. What role did women play in reading and writing during the nineteenth century?
Answer: Women were pivotal readers and writers, with magazines and novels targeting them. Female authors like Jane Austen shaped perceptions of womanhood, contributing to literature.
Q3. What were the key innovations in printing technology during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?
Answer: Printing technology evolved from wood to metal presses, with inventions like Richard M. Hoe’s power-driven press and the offset press. Twentieth-century innovations included electric presses and marketing strategies like affordable series and paperback editions.