The Mongols After Genghis Khan Class 11 – Concept, MCQs & Notes PDF

Topic covered: The Mongols after Genghis Khan class 11 notes and MCQs questions: Nomadic Empires (All single detail notes are exam-oriented).

We have discussed in-depth and exam-oriented pointers that can be asked in the board exam of class 11th about “The Mongols after Genghis Khan“ from the NCERT history notes for class 11th chapter 3 “Nomadic Empires”.

Download the NCERT History for Class 11th Chapter 3 Nomadic Empires Notes PDF

Class 11 History Chapter 3 Nomadic Empires is one of the most important chapters in the NCERT syllabus, especially for students preparing for school exams and competitive exams. This chapter explains how nomadic societies like the Mongols built powerful empires, their social organisation, military strategies, and administrative systems.

If you are looking to download the NCERT History for Class 11th Chapter 3 Nomadic Empires Notes PDF, this page gives you exam-oriented, easy-to-revise notes based strictly on the NCERT textbook.

The Mongols After Genghis Khan

1. Phases of Mongol Expansion after Genghis Khan:

• Mongol expansion after Genghis Khan’s death can be divided into two distinct phases.

2. First Phase of Expansion (1236–1242):

• This phase spanned the years 1236 to 1242.
• Major territorial gains were made in the Russian steppes.
• Other important regions conquered included Bulghar, Kiev, Poland, and Hungary.

3. Second Phase of Expansion (1255–1300):

• The second phase covered the years 1255 to 1300.
• Led to the conquest of all of China by 1279.
• Iran, Iraq, and Syria were also conquered during this phase.
• After these campaigns, the frontier of the Mongol Empire stabilised.

4. Military Successes and Reversals:

• Mongol military forces faced few reversals in the decades after 1203.
• After the 1260s, the original momentum of campaigns could not be sustained in the West.

5. Limits of Western Expansion:

• Vienna and western Europe were within the grasp of Mongol forces.
• Egypt was also within Mongol reach.
• Despite this, Mongols retreated from the Hungarian steppes.
• They suffered defeat at the hands of Egyptian forces.

6. Emergence of New Political Trends:

• Retreat from Hungary and defeat by Egypt signalled new political trends within the empire.
• These trends had two main facets.

7. Internal Politics of Succession:

• Descendants of Jochi and Ogodei allied to control the office of the Great Khan.
• This alliance dominated the first two generations after Genghis Khan.
• Succession politics became more important than European campaigns.

8. Rise of the Toluyid Branch:

• Jochi and Ogodei lineages were marginalised by the Toluyid branch.
• Toluy was the youngest son of Genghis Khan.

9. Accession of Mongke and Iranian Campaigns:

• Mongke, a descendant of Toluy, became ruler.
• Under his accession, military campaigns were pursued energetically in Iran during the 1250s.

10. Shift of Focus toward China:

• During the 1260s, Toluyid interest in the conquest of China increased.
• Forces and supplies were increasingly diverted into the Mongol heartlands.

11. Defeat by Egyptian Forces:

• Mongols fielded a small and understaffed force against the Egyptians.
• This led to their defeat.
• The defeat marked the end of Mongol expansion in the West.

12. Conflict among Mongol Lineages:

• Conflict arose between Jochid and Toluyid descendants.
• This conflict occurred along the Russian–Iranian frontier.
• It diverted the Jochids away from further European campaigns.

13. Continuation of Campaigns in China:

• Suspension of western expansion did not stop campaigns in China.
• China was reunited under Mongol rule.

14. Internal Turbulence at the Height of Power:

• Internal turbulence within the ruling family emerged.
• This occurred at the moment of the Mongols’ greatest successes

Next & Previous Topics of NCERT/CBSE History Class 11 Chapter 3: Nomadic Empires

MCQs on NCERT History Class 11 Chapter 3 Topic – The Mongols After Genghis Khan Class 11

Here are the top exam-oriented MCQ-type questions on “The Mongols After Genghis Khan Class 11” that you should prepare for your CBSE or state board exams:

Question 1. Mongol expansion after Genghis Khan’s death is divided into how many phases?

A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

Answer: B

Question 2. The first phase of Mongol expansion after Genghis Khan lasted from

A. 1206–1234
B. 1227–1235
C. 1236–1242
D. 1245–1260

Answer: C

Question 3. Major Mongol gains during the first phase were mainly in

A. China and Korea
B. Central Asia and Iran
C. Russian steppes and Eastern Europe
D. India and Persia

Answer: C

Question 4. Which of the following regions was conquered during the first phase (1236–42)?

A. Syria
B. Hungary
C. Egypt
D. China

Answer: B

Question 5. Kiev was conquered by the Mongols during

A. Genghis Khan’s lifetime
B. The first phase after his death
C. The second phase after his death
D. The Yuan period

Answer: B

Question 6. The second phase of Mongol expansion covered the years

A. 1240–1260
B. 1255–1300
C. 1260–1320
D. 1271–1368

Answer: B

Question 7. China was completely conquered by the Mongols in

A. 1260
B. 1265
C. 1271
D. 1279

Answer: D

Question 8. Which regions were conquered during the second phase?

A. Poland and Hungary
B. Russia and Bulghar
C. Iran, Iraq and Syria
D. Egypt and Vienna

Answer: C

Question 9. After the second phase, the frontier of the Mongol Empire

A. Expanded rapidly
B. Collapsed
C. Stabilised
D. Shifted westward

Answer: C

Question 10. Mongol military campaigns faced sustained reversals after

A. 1240s
B. 1250s
C. 1260s
D. 1270s

Answer: C

Question 11. Which European city was within Mongol reach but not conquered?

A. Rome
B. Paris
C. Vienna
D. Madrid

Answer: C

Question 12. Mongol defeat by Egyptian forces marked

A. Beginning of Mongol expansion
B. Peak of Mongol power
C. End of western expansion
D. Collapse of the empire

Answer: C

Question 13. One major reason for the halt of western expansion was

A. Economic crisis
B. Plague
C. Succession struggles within the Mongol family
D. Naval weakness

Answer: C

Question 14. The descendants of which two lineages initially allied to control the Great Khan’s office?

A. Toluy and Chagatai
B. Jochi and Ogodei
C. Ogodei and Toluy
D. Jochi and Chagatai

Answer: B

Question 15. These succession interests reduced Mongol focus on

A. China
B. Iran
C. Europe
D. Central Asia

Answer: C

Question 16. Which lineage was later marginalised by the Toluyids?

A. Chagataids
B. Ilkhanids
C. Jochi and Ogodei lineages
D. Yuan dynasty

Answer: C

Question 17. Mongke belonged to which branch of Genghis Khan’s descendants?

A. Jochid
B. Ogodeid
C. Toluyid
D. Chagataid

Answer: C

Question 18. Mongke was a descendant of

A. Jochi
B. Ogodei
C. Chagatai
D. Toluy

Answer: D

Question 19. Under Mongke, Mongol campaigns were actively pursued in

A. Europe
B. Egypt
C. Iran
D. India

Answer: C

Question 20. During the 1260s, Mongol military focus shifted towards

A. Europe
B. Russia
C. China
D. Egypt

Answer: C

Question 21. Because of this shift, Mongol forces in the West became

A. Larger
B. Better equipped
C. Understaffed and weakened
D. More disciplined

Answer: C

Question 22. Mongol defeat by Egyptian forces occurred mainly due to

A. Climate
B. Naval weakness
C. Small and under-resourced army
D. Internal rebellion

Answer: C

Question 23. Conflict along the Russian–Iranian frontier was between

A. Ogodeids and Chagataids
B. Jochids and Toluyids
C. Ilkhanids and Yuan
D. Mongols and Persians

Answer: B

Question 24. This conflict diverted the Jochids away from

A. China
B. Iran
C. European campaigns
D. Trade routes

Answer: C

Question 25. Suspension of western expansion did NOT stop Mongol campaigns in

A. Iran
B. Egypt
C. China
D. Hungary

Answer: C

Question 26. China under the Mongols was

A. Divided
B. Colonised
C. Reunited
D. Abandoned

Answer: C

Question 27. Ironically, Mongol internal conflicts intensified when the empire was

A. Declining
B. Expanding rapidly
C. At its greatest success
D. Militarily weak

Answer: C

Question 28. The Toluyid family prioritised which region over western expansion?

A. Russia
B. Iran
C. China
D. Central Asia

Answer: C

Question 29. Which factor best explains the end of Mongol expansion in the West?

A. Technological inferiority
B. Combined internal succession politics and strategic diversion
C. Economic collapse
D. Religious opposition

Answer: B

Question 30. The defeat in Egypt symbolised

A. Mongol collapse
B. Start of civil war
C. New political trends
D. Rise of Europe

Answer: C

Question 31. Mongol retreat from the Hungarian steppes indicated

A. Loss of interest in warfare
B. Strategic realignment
C. End of empire
D. Loss of cavalry strength

Answer: B

Question 32. Which phase saw the conquest of Iran, Iraq and Syria?

A. Genghis Khan’s lifetime
B. First phase
C. Second phase
D. Yuan period

Answer: C

Question 33. The office of the Great Khan was mainly contested during

A. Genghis Khan’s reign
B. First two generations after him
C. Yuan dynasty
D. Ilkhanate period

Answer: B

Question 34. The Mongol Empire’s western expansion ended primarily by

A. Military defeat alone
B. Economic exhaustion
C. Internal political realignments
D. Loss of cavalry

Answer: C

Question 35. This phase of Mongol history highlights the tension between

A. Trade and warfare
B. Nomads and settlers
C. Expansion and internal stability
D. Religion and politics

Answer: C