NCERT History Class 9 Chapter 2 Socialism In Europe And The Russian Revolution Notes PDF

Topic Covered in NCERT History Class 9 Chapter 2 Socialism In Europe And The Russian Revolution Notes: the age of social change, the Russian revolution, the February revolution in Petrograd, what changed after October, the global influence of the Russian revolution and the USSR.

Struggling to connect the big ideas in Chapter 2 Socialism In Europe And The Russian Revolution? This guide turns a dense unit into clear, usable learning. The NCERT history class 9 chapter 2 socialism in Europe and the Russian revolution notes pdf explains how thinkers like Marx critiqued capitalism, why 1905 and 1917 happened, and how policies under Lenin changed everyday life. You’ll see causes, events, and consequences tied together, not as isolated facts.

Use these class 9 history chapter 2 notes with your textbook for quick, point‑wise revision before tests or board exams. Each section includes a mini timeline (Tsarist Russia – 1905 Revolution – February and October 1917), key terms (Duma, Soviets, Bolsheviks, Mensheviks), and a “why it mattered” box so the concept sticks.

Prefer a download? Grab the compact and download history notes pdf for offline study. If you like bite‑size learning, the class 9 history Ch 2 notes also include 3-4 line model answers to typical exam prompts, plus common mistakes to avoid-like mixing up February and October sequences.

Teachers and students can file this under notes for history class 9 for quick access during revision week. It fits neatly into your broader set of NCERT class 9th history notes, keeping formatting consistent and pages light. Download, review, and walk into the exam with a solid narrative and sharper answers.

Download Free NCERT History Class 9 Chapter 2 Socialism In Europe And The Russian Revolution Notes PDF

NCERT History for Class 9th Chapter 2 – Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Notes & MCQ’s Question-Answer

Download Free NCERT History Class 9 Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Notes PDF and turn a dense chapter into something you can finish in one sitting. The notes explains why socialist ideas spread across Europe, what went wrong in Tsarist Russia, and how the 1905, February 1917, and October 1917 revolutions unfolded. You’ll see clear links between events: war losses, food shortages, the Duma’s limits, the rise of Soviets, and Lenin’s promises of “peace, land, and bread.” These notes are ideal notes for history class 9 chapter 2. Everything fits neatly with your NCERT class 9th history notes so revision stays simple and consistent.

Next & Previous Topic Wise NCERT History Class 9 Chapter 2 Socialism In Europe And The Russian Revolution

MCQs on NCERT History Class 9 Chapter 2 Socialism In Europe And The Russian Revolution Notes PDF

Here are the top exam-oriented MCQ-type questions on “Socialism In Europe And The Russian Revolution” that you should prepare for your CBSE or state board exams:

Question 1. Who among the following wanted a nation which tolerated all religions?

a) Conservatives
b) Radicals
c) Liberals
d) Socialists

Answer: c) Liberals

Question 2. Which church was favoured in Britain during the eighteenth–nineteenth century?

a) Catholic Church
b) Church of England
c) Orthodox Church
d) Protestant Church

Answer: b) Church of England

Question 3. Which of the following was NOT supported by liberals?

a) Universal adult franchise
b) Independent judiciary
c) Elected parliamentary government
d) Rights of individuals

Answer: a) Universal adult franchise

Question 4. Who supported women’s suffragette movements during the nineteenth century?

a) Conservatives
b) Radicals
c) Liberals
d) Aristocrats

Answer: b) Radicals

Question 5. Conservatives of the eighteenth century:

a) Fully supported rapid change
b) Opposed any kind of change
c) Believed in revolution
d) Wanted women’s rights

Answer: b) Opposed any kind of change

Question 6. By the nineteenth century, conservatives accepted:

a) That change was inevitable but should be gradual
b) That revolution was the only solution
c) That private property should be abolished
d) That monarchy should be completely removed

Answer: a) That change was inevitable but should be gradual

Question 7. What was a major consequence of industrialisation in Europe?

a) Shorter working hours
b) Rapid urbanisation and poor sanitation
c) Decline of factories
d) End of unemployment

Answer: b) Rapid urbanisation and poor sanitation

Question 8. During industrialisation, wages were generally:

a) High
b) Stable
c) Poor
d) Equal for men and women

Answer: c) Poor

Question 9. Liberals and radicals supported:

a) Aristocracy’s privileges
b) Individual effort and enterprise
c) Restriction of trade
d) Universal monarchy

Answer: b) Individual effort and enterprise

Question 10. Which Italian nationalist inspired revolutionaries in Europe and India after 1815?

a) Giuseppe Garibaldi
b) Giuseppe Mazzini
c) Count Cavour
d) Victor Emmanuel II

Answer: b) Giuseppe Mazzini

Question 11. Socialists considered private property as:

a) The root of social ills
b) A source of equality
c) Necessary for progress
d) Beneficial to workers

Answer: a) The root of social ills

Question 12. Robert Owen is known for:

a) Founding the Communist Party
b) Building a cooperative community called New Harmony
c) Leading the suffragette movement
d) Organising the Second International

Answer: b) Building a cooperative community called New Harmony

Question 13. Which French socialist wanted the government to encourage cooperatives?

a) Karl Marx
b) Louis Blanc
c) Friedrich Engels
d) Lenin

Answer: b) Louis Blanc

Question 14. According to Karl Marx, who produced the profits in capitalist society?

a) Capitalists
b) Aristocrats
c) Workers
d) Government officials

Answer: c) Workers

Question 15. A communist society, as visualised by Marx, was one where:

a) Private property existed
b) Property was socially controlled
c) Kings ruled fairly
d) Only cooperatives existed

Answer: b) Property was socially controlled

Question 16. Which body was formed in 1889 to coordinate socialist efforts internationally?

a) First International
b) Second International
c) Labour Party
d) Communist International (Comintern)

Answer: b) Second International

Question 17. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) belonged to:

a) England
b) France
c) Germany
d) Italy

Answer: c) Germany

Question 18. Which political party was formed in Britain in 1905 by socialists and trade unionists?

a) Conservative Party
b) Liberal Party
c) Labour Party
d) Communist Party

Answer: c) Labour Party

Question 19. Till 1914, socialists in Europe:

a) Formed several governments
b) Never succeeded in forming a government
c) Took control of all parliaments
d) Dominated in monarchy-led states

Answer: b) Never succeeded in forming a government

Question 20. Who ruled Russia in 1914?

a) Lenin
b) Karl Marx
c) Tsar Nicholas II
d) Stalin

Answer: c) Tsar Nicholas II

Question 21. Which was the majority religion in Russia in 1914?

a) Catholicism
b) Protestantism
c) Russian Orthodox Christianity
d) Buddhism

Answer: c) Russian Orthodox Christianity

Question 22. What proportion of Russia’s population were agriculturists at the beginning of the 20th century?

a) 40%
b) 50%
c) 70%
d) 85%

Answer: d) 85%

Question 23. Which cities were the main industrial areas of Russia?

a) Moscow and Petrograd
b) St Petersburg and Moscow
c) Kiev and Baku
d) Minsk and Odessa

Answer: b) St Petersburg and Moscow

Question 24. Women formed what percentage of the Russian factory labour force by 1914?

a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 31%
d) 45%

Answer: c) 31%

Question 25. In Russia, peasants periodically pooled their land and redistributed it through:

a) Soviets
b) Communes (mir)
c) Kolkhoz
d) The Duma

Answer: b) Communes (mir)

Question 26. The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in:

a) 1888
b) 1898
c) 1905
d) 1917

Answer: b) 1898

Question 27. Lenin led which group of the Russian Social Democrats?

a) Mensheviks
b) Bolsheviks
c) Socialist Revolutionaries
d) Liberals

Answer: b) Bolsheviks

Question 28. What triggered the Bloody Sunday massacre?

a) Dismissal of four workers at Putilov Iron Works
b) Assassination of a minister
c) Mutiny of soldiers
d) Failure of crops

Answer: a) Dismissal of four workers at Putilov Iron Works

Question 29. On Bloody Sunday, workers were marching towards:

a) The Duma
b) Winter Palace
c) Moscow Kremlin
d) Petrograd Soviet

Answer: b) Winter Palace

Question 30. After the 1905 Revolution, the Tsar allowed the creation of an elected:

a) Soviet
b) Assembly
c) Duma
d) Politburo

Answer: c) Duma

Question 31. What was St Petersburg renamed during the First World War?

a) Moscow
b) Leningrad
c) Petrograd
d) Volgograd

Answer: c) Petrograd

Question 32. Russia suffered how many casualties in the First World War by 1917?

a) 3 million
b) 5 million
c) 7 million
d) 10 million

Answer: c) 7 million

Question 33. The February Revolution began with strikes in Petrograd on:

a) 22 February 1917
b) 25 February 1917
c) 2 March 1917
d) 24 October 1917

Answer: a) 22 February 1917

Question 34. International Women’s Day was first linked with which revolution?

a) French Revolution
b) February Revolution 1917
c) 1905 Revolution
d) October Revolution 1917

Answer: b) February Revolution 1917

Question 35. Tsar Nicholas II abdicated on:

a) 22 February 1917
b) 2 March 1917
c) 7 November 1917
d) 24 October 1917

Answer: b) 2 March 1917

Question 36. Lenin’s April Theses demanded all of the following EXCEPT:

a) Land to peasants
b) End to war
c) Nationalisation of banks
d) Continuation of monarchy

Answer: d) Continuation of monarchy

Question 37. The Bolshevik seizure of power in Petrograd began on:

a) 2 March 1917
b) 24 October 1917
c) 7 November 1917 (Gregorian)
d) Both b) and c)

Answer: d) Both b) and c)

Question 38. The Bolshevik uprising was led militarily by:

a) Lenin
b) Trotskii
c) Stalin
d) Kerenskii

Answer: b) Trotskii

Question 39. Which new name was given to the Bolshevik Party after October 1917?

a) Communist Party of Russia (Bolshevik)
b) Social Democratic Party
c) Labour Party
d) Soviet Socialist Party

Answer: a) Communist Party of Russia (Bolshevik)

Question 40. The secret police under the Bolsheviks was first called:

a) Cheka
b) KGB
c) NKVD
d) OGPU

Answer: a) Cheka

Question 41. The Russian Civil War (1918–20) was fought between:

a) Bolsheviks and Greens
b) Reds, Whites, and Greens
c) Bolsheviks and Nationalists
d) Liberals and Conservatives

Answer: b) Reds, Whites, and Greens

Question 42. Who introduced collectivisation in Soviet Russia?

a) Lenin
b) Trotskii
c) Stalin
d) Bukharin

Answer: c) Stalin

Question 43. Well-to-do peasants in Russia were called:

a) Soviets
b) Kulaks
c) Bolsheviks
d) Mensheviks

Answer: b) Kulaks

Question 44. Between 1929 and 1931, cattle numbers in Russia fell by:

a) One-fifth
b) One-half
c) One-third
d) One-tenth

Answer: c) One-third

Question 45. The famine due to collectivisation occurred between:

a) 1927–28
b) 1930–33
c) 1935–37
d) 1939–40

Answer: b) 1930–33

Next CBSE/NCERT Class 9 History Chapter Wise Notes & Free PDF

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Question 1. What’s inside the NCERT history class 9 chapter 2 socialism in Europe and the Russian revolution notes pdf?

Answer: A clear walkthrough of 1905, February 1917, and October 1917, plus timelines, key terms (Duma, Soviets, Bolsheviks/Mensheviks), and quick “why it mattered” boxes so you understand cause – effect, not just dates.

Question 2. How should I use the class 9 history chapter 2 notes with my textbook?

Answer: Skim the textbook for detail, then use these notes to condense it into fast revision points. Tip: read the timeline first, then test yourself with the practice prompts at the end.

Question 3. Can I study offline with a history notes pdf?

Answer: Yes. Download it to your phone and star the “last-minute checklist.” It’s one page of must-know terms – great for buses, breaks, or the night before an exam.

Question 4. What’s the quickest way to revise using class 9 history Ch 2 notes?

Answer: Start with the summary map (Tsarist Russia – 1905 – Feb 1917 – Oct 1917), then revisit trouble spots like NEP vs War Communism. Finish by writing a 4-line answer for each event.

Question 5. Are these good as general notes for history class 9?

Answer: Yes. They keep the structure consistent across chapters, so you can move from this unit to others without relearning the format – handy during revision week.

Question 6. Do they match my NCERT class 9th history notes style and syllabus?

Answer: They follow the NCERT sequence closely and use familiar headings, so switching between the PDF and your book feels seamless. Start with causes, move to events, end with consequences and key terms.