NCERT Geography Class 10 | Conservation Of Minerals

Topic & sub-topics covered: Conservation Of Minerals and MCQs Questions: Minerals and Energy Resources (All single detail notes are exam-oriented).

We have discussed in-depth and exam-oriented pointers that can be asked in the board exam of class 10th about “Conservation Of Minerals” from the NCERT Geography notes for class 10th chapter 5th “Minerals and Energy Resources“.

Download the NCERT Geography for Class 10th Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources PDF Notes

NCERT Geography Class 10th Chapter 5 – Minerals and Energy Resources

Complete your Geography preparation for your board exam or any examinations for NCERT Geography Class 10 Chapter 5: Minerals and Energy Resources PDF Notes! This chapter dives deep into the types, distribution, and uses of various minerals and energy resources, the Occurrence Of Minerals, and the Conservation Of Minerals that are essential for human development. With explanations that are easy to understand for any student and key points highlighted, these notes are ideal for exam preparation and quick revisions. Simplify your study process with this comprehensive resource. Download the PDF now and stay ahead in your Class 10 Geography journey!

Conservation Of Minerals

1. Dependence on Minerals:

• Industries and agriculture are heavily reliant on mineral deposits.
• Workable mineral deposits form only 1% of the Earth’s crust.
• Mineral resources are finite and non-renewable.
• Geological processes of mineral formation are slow, making replenishment rates negligible.
• Continuous extraction leads to higher costs and declining quality of ores.

2. Sustainable Use of Minerals:

• Planned and sustainable resource usage is essential.
• Technologies for using low-grade ores at reduced costs need to be developed.
• Recycling metals and using substitutes conserve mineral resources.

3. Energy Resources:

• Energy is essential for cooking, lighting, heating, transportation, and industrial machinery.
• Energy sources are classified as:
  a. Conventional sources: Coal, petroleum, natural gas, firewood, cattle dung cake, hydel, and thermal electricity.
  b. Non-conventional sources: Solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas, atomic energy.

4. Coal:

• India’s most abundant fossil fuel, meeting substantial energy needs.
• Forms of coal:
  a. Peat: Low carbon, high moisture, low heating capacity.
  b. Lignite: Low-grade brown coal; reserves in Neyveli, Tamil Nadu.
  c. Bituminous coal: Most used commercially; high-grade variant used in iron smelting.
  d. Anthracite: Highest quality, hard coal.
• Coal deposits:
  a. Gondwana coal: Found in Damodar, Godavari, Mahanadi, Son, and Wardha valleys.
  b. Tertiary coal: Found in Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland.

5. Petroleum:

• The second major energy source in India.
• Provides fuel, lubricants, and raw materials for industries like textiles, fertilizers, and chemicals.
• Petroleum occurrences:
  a. Found in anticlines, fault traps, and porous rocks (limestone/sandstone).
  b. Major production areas: Mumbai High, Gujarat, Assam.

6. Natural Gas:

• Found with petroleum deposits; used in various industries and as domestic fuel.
• Emerging as a preferred fuel for transport (CNG) and homes (PNG).
• Major reserves: Mumbai High, Cambay basin, Krishna-Godavari basin.
• Infrastructure: The HVJ pipeline links western and northern India.

7. Electricity:

• Index of development due to wide applications.
• Generated in two ways:
  a. Hydro electricity: Renewable, generated by flowing water.
  b. Thermal electricity: Generated using fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

8. Non-Conventional Sources of Energy:

• Importance due to fossil fuel shortages and environmental concerns.
• Examples: Solar, wind, tidal, biomass, geothermal energy.
• India’s largest renewable energy programmes include solar and wind power.

9. Nuclear Energy:

• Generated using uranium and thorium.
• Major reserves: Jharkhand, Rajasthan (Aravalli), Monazite sands in Kerala.
• Six nuclear power stations in India.

10. Solar Energy:

• India’s tropical location provides abundant solar energy potential.
• Applications: Rural and remote areas to reduce dependence on firewood and dung cakes.

11. Wind Energy:

• High potential in India.
• Major wind farm clusters: Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Lakshadweep.

12. Biogas:

• Produced from organic waste; it is efficient compared to kerosene and dung cakes.
• Gobar gas plants benefit farmers by providing energy and manure.

13. Tidal Energy:

• Generated using oceanic tides with floodgate dams.
• Potential sites: Gulf of Khambhat, Gulf of Kutch, Gangetic delta in Sunderbans.

14. Geothermal Energy:

• Utilizes Earth’s internal heat.
• High geothermal gradient areas: Parvati Valley (Himachal Pradesh), Puga Valley (Ladakh).

Conservation of Energy Resources

1. Energy and Economic Development:

• Energy is essential for economic development.
• Sectors requiring energy:
  a. Agriculture
  b. Industry
  c. Transport
  d. Commercial
  e. Domestic
• Economic development plans since Independence have increased energy demand.
• Energy consumption is steadily rising across the country.

2. Need for Sustainable Energy Development:

• A sustainable energy development path is essential due to rising energy demands.
• Twin strategies for sustainability:
  a. Energy conservation
  b. Increased use of renewable energy sources

3. Energy Efficiency in India:

• India is among the least energy-efficient countries globally.
• Judicious use of energy resources is critical due to their limited availability.

4. Citizen’s Role in Energy Conservation:

• Measures for energy conservation:
  a. Use public transport instead of personal vehicles.
  b. Switch off electricity when not in use.
  c. Use power-saving devices.
  d. Opt for non-conventional energy sources.
• The principle: “Energy saved is energy produced.”

Next & Previous Topics of NCERT/CBSE Geography Class 10 Chapter 5: Minerals and Energy Resources

Topics No.	Topics Name
1	Introduction To Minerals and Energy Resources
2	Mode of Occurrence of Minerals
3	Conservation of Minerals

MCQ Questions on NCERT Geography Class 10 Chapter 5 | Conservation Of Minerals

Question 1. What percentage of the Earth’s crust is made up of workable mineral deposits?

a) 10%
b) 5%
c) 1%
d) 15%

Answer: c) 1%

Question 2. Why are mineral resources considered non-renewable?

a) They are renewable only in certain conditions.
b) The geological process of their formation is very slow.
c) They are renewable but require high costs.
d) They are abundant and easy to replenish.

Answer: b) The geological process of their formation is very slow.

Question 3. Which among the following is a suggested step for conserving mineral resources?

a) Increasing extraction rates
b) Recycling of metals
c) Stopping mining activities completely
d) Increasing reliance on non-renewable resources

Answer: b) Recycling of metals

Question 4. Which of the following is NOT a conventional source of energy?

a) Firewood
b) Solar energy
c) Coal
d) Petroleum

Answer: b) Solar energy

Question 5. What percentage of rural households in India meet their energy needs through firewood and cattle dung cake?

a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 70%
d) 80%

Answer: c) 70%

Question 6. Which energy source is considered renewable?

a) Petroleum
b) Coal
c) Hydro-electricity
d) Natural gas

Answer: c) Hydro-electricity

Question 7. Which type of coal has the highest carbon content and heating capacity?

a) Lignite
b) Peat
c) Bituminous
d) Anthracite

Answer: d) Anthracite

Question 8. Where are principal lignite reserves located in India?

a) Assam
b) Tamil Nadu
c) Jharkhand
d) Rajasthan

Answer: b) Tamil Nadu

Question 9. Which coalfield is NOT located in the Damodar Valley?

a) Jharia
b) Raniganj
c) Bokaro
d) Neyveli

Answer: d) Neyveli

Question 10. Petroleum is typically found in which type of geological formations?

a) Gondwana rocks
b) Anticlines and fault traps
c) Igneous rocks
d) Floodplains

Answer: b) Anticlines and fault traps

Question 11. Which is the oldest oil-producing state in India?

a) Gujarat
b) Assam
c) Maharashtra
d) Tamil Nadu

Answer: b) Assam

Question 12. Which pipeline was the first cross-country gas pipeline in India?

a) HBJ Pipeline
b) HVJ Pipeline
c) KG Basin Pipeline
d) Mumbai-Gujarat Pipeline

Answer: b) HVJ Pipeline

Question 13. Where are India’s major gas reserves located?

a) Cauvery Basin
b) Mumbai High
c) Rajasthan
d) Vindhyan Basin

Answer: b) Mumbai High

Question 14. Which of the following is a renewable source of electricity generation?

a) Thermal power
b) Nuclear power
c) Hydro-electricity
d) None of the above

Answer: c) Hydro-electricity

Question 15. Which multipurpose project produces hydroelectric power in India?

a) HVJ Pipeline
b) Bhakra Nangal
c) Digboi Refinery
d) Damodar Valley Corporation

Answer: b) Bhakra Nangal

Question 16. Which Indian state has the largest wind farm cluster?

a) Gujarat
b) Tamil Nadu
c) Maharashtra
d) Kerala

Answer: b) Tamil Nadu

Question 17. What is the main input for generating biogas?

a) Petroleum waste
b) Cattle dung and organic waste
c) Coal
d) Uranium

Answer: b) Cattle dung and organic waste

Question 18. Which of the following is a practice for conserving energy?

a) Using individual vehicles more
b) Using power-saving devices
c) Avoiding the use of public transport
d) Increasing electricity consumption

Answer: b) Using power-saving devices

Question 19. Which slogan promotes energy conservation?

a) “Energy saved is energy wasted.”
b) “Energy saved is energy produced.”
c) “Consume to conserve.”
d) “More energy, more progress.”

Answer: b) “Energy saved is energy produced.”

Question 20. What is the twin plank of sustainable energy?

a) Use of fossil fuels and energy imports
b) Promotion of energy conservation and renewable sources
c) Development of nuclear power and coal-based industries
d) Hydropower generation and increasing thermal power plants

Answer: b) Promotion of energy conservation and renewable sources

Question 21. What happens as mineral extraction increases?

a) Costs decrease and quality improves
b) Costs increase and quality decreases
c) Quality improves but costs remain constant
d) Both costs and quality remain constant

Answer: b) Costs increase and quality decreases

Question 22. Which of the following technologies can help conserve mineral resources?

a) Enhanced mining operations
b) Use of low-grade ores at low costs
c) Expanding mineral exportation
d) Increasing fossil fuel usage

Answer: b) Use of low-grade ores at low costs

Question 23. Which type of coal is known as “low-grade brown coal”?

a) Bituminous
b) Anthracite
c) Lignite
d) Peat

Answer: c) Lignite

Question 24. Which state has significant lignite reserves?

a) Jharkhand
b) Tamil Nadu
c) Assam
d) Maharashtra

Answer: b) Tamil Nadu

Question 25. Which valley contains major Gondwana coal reserves?

a) Godavari Valley
b) Damodar Valley
c) Brahmaputra Valley
d) Krishna Valley

Answer: b) Damodar Valley

Question 26. Where are tertiary coal deposits mainly found?

a) West Bengal
b) North-eastern states
c) Gujarat
d) Maharashtra

Answer: b) North-eastern states

Question 27. What is the main function of petroleum refineries?

a) Generate Electricity
b) Supply coal to industries
c) Act as a nodal industry for various products
d) Purify natural gas

Answer: c) Act as a nodal industry for various products

Question 28. Which is a major petroleum production area in Gujarat?

a) Digboi
b) Ankleshwar
c) Naharkatiya
d) Moran

Answer: b) Ankleshwar

Question 29. Which region of India is known for its offshore petroleum fields?

a) East Coast
b) West Coast
c) Southern Plateau
d) Himalayan region

Answer: b) West Coast

Question 30. What is the full form of the HVJ pipeline?

a) Hazira-Vizag-Jodhpur
b) Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur
c) Hyderabad-Vijayawada-Jamnagar
d) Hosur-Valapadi-Jalgaon

Answer: b) Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur

Question 31. Which basin on the East Coast is a new reserve of natural gas?

a) Cauvery Basin
b) Krishna-Godavari Basin
c) Ganga Basin
d) Mahanadi Basin

Answer: b) Krishna-Godavari Basin

Question 32. Which type of electricity generation is non-renewable?

a) Hydro-electricity
b) Solar power
c) Thermal power
d) Wind power

Answer: c) Thermal power

Question 33. What is considered an index of development?

a) Per capita income
b) Per capita consumption of electricity
c) Per capita mineral extraction
d) Per capita fossil fuel usage

Answer: b) Per capita consumption of electricity

Question 34. Which region in India is known for tidal energy potential?

a) Gangetic plains
b) Gulf of Khambhat
c) Vindhyan range
d) Western Ghats

Answer: b) Gulf of Khambhat

Question 35. Which renewable energy source is generated by decomposing organic matter?

a) Tidal energy
b) Geothermal energy
c) Biogas
d) Solar energy

Answer: c) Biogas

Question 36. What is a significant characteristic of geothermal energy?

a) Produced from tidal flows
b) Uses the Earth’s internal heat
c) Depends on sunlight
d) Derived from wind energy

Answer: b) Uses the Earth’s internal heat

Question 37. Which state is home to the Parvati Valley geothermal energy project?

a) Jammu & Kashmir
b) Himachal Pradesh
c) Uttarakhand
d) Ladakh

Answer: b) Himachal Pradesh

Question 38. Which of the following is a measure to promote energy conservation?

a) Increasing fossil fuel consumption
b) Using public transport
c) Avoiding power-saving devices
d) Building more thermal plants

Answer: b) Using public transport

Question 39. What is India’s position in terms of energy efficiency globally?

a) Among the most energy-efficient countries
b) Among the least energy-efficient countries
c) At an average level of energy efficiency
d) Unranked globally

Answer: b) Among the least energy-efficient countries

Question 40. Which non-conventional energy source is highly suitable for remote and rural areas in India?

a) Hydro-electricity
b) Solar energy
c) Nuclear energy
d) Petroleum

Answer: b) Solar energy