NCERT Geography Class 10 Water Scarcity And The Need For Water Conservation And Management

NCERT Geography Class 10 | Water Scarcity And The Need For Water Conservation And Management

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NCERT Geography Class 10 | Water Scarcity And The Need For Water Conservation And Management

Topic & sub-topics covered: Water Scarcity And The Need For Water Conservation And Management and MCQs Questions: Water Resources (All single detail notes are exam-oriented).

We have discussed in-depth and exam-oriented pointers that can be asked in the board exam of class 10th about “Water Scarcity And The Need For Water Conservation And Management” from the NCERT Geography notes for class 10th chapter 3rd “Water Resources“.

Download the NCERT Geography for Class 10th Chapter 3 Water Resources PDF

Looking for the NCERT Geography Class 10 Chapter 3: Water Resources PDF? Download it here to explore a comprehensive guide to one of the most crucial resources for life – water. This chapter dives into topics like the distribution of water resources, the need for water conservation, and sustainable management practices. Whether preparing for exams or simply brushing up on your knowledge, the NCERT textbook ensures clarity and accuracy.

NCERT Geography Class 10th Chapter 3 Water Resources PDF Notes

This easy-to-download PDF is perfect for students aiming to excel in their studies and understand the importance of water in everyday life. Convenient, accessible, and highly informative, it’s your one-stop solution to ace Geography while learning critical environmental concepts. Get started now!

Water Scarcity And The Need For Water Conservation And Management

Water Scarcity and Its Causes

1. Abundance vs. Scarcity:

  • Despite being renewable and abundant, water scarcity is a growing concern.
  • Scarcity is often associated with drought-prone regions like Rajasthan.

2. Causes of Water Scarcity:

  • Natural Causes: Variations in seasonal and annual precipitation.
  • Human Causes:
    1.     Over-exploitation of water resources.
    2. Excessive water use.
    3. Unequal access to water among different social groups.
  • Unequal Access: Water scarcity may exist even in regions with ample resources due to socio-economic disparities.

Population and Agriculture Impact

1. Role of Population:

  • A growing population increases water demand for domestic use and food production.

2. Agricultural Over-Exploitation:

  • Irrigated agriculture is the largest consumer of water resources.
  • Overuse of wells and tube wells depletes groundwater levels.
  • Expansion of irrigated areas for dry-season farming exacerbates water scarcity.

3. Need for Agricultural Innovation:

  • Development of drought-resistant crops.
  • Adoption of dry farming techniques.

Water Resources

1. Sources of Freshwater:

  • Precipitation, surface runoff, and groundwater are key sources.

2. Urban Water Scarcity:

  • Many cities face scarcity despite having adequate resources due to overuse and mismanagement.

Adverse Effects of Over-Exploitation

1. Groundwater Depletion:

  • Leads to falling water tables.
  • Adversely affects water availability and food security.
  • Conservation and innovation in water use are essential to ensure sustainable water availability and food security.

Water Scarcity: Causes and Impact

1. Water Scarcity and Urbanization:

  • Post-Independent India: Industrialization and urbanization have intensified pressure on freshwater resources.
  • Urban Centres: Housing societies often use groundwater pumping devices, leading to over-exploitation and depletion of water resources in cities.

2. Industrial Impact:

  • Industries are heavy water users and depend on hydroelectric power, constituting 22% of India’s electricity.
  • Industrial waste contributes to water pollution.

3. Agriculture and Pollution:

  • Chemicals, pesticides, and fertilizers used in agriculture pollute water.
  • Pollution from domestic and industrial waste renders water hazardous for human use.

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Water Scarcity

1. Quantitative Aspect:

  • Urban and industrial overuse leads to the depletion of fragile water resources.

2. Qualitative Aspect:

  • Water availability may meet needs, but pollution degrades its quality.
  • Rivers, including the Ganga and Yamuna, are severely polluted.

Government Initiatives

1. Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM):

  • Aims to supply potable piped water (55 litres per capita daily) to every rural household on a long-term basis.
  • Focuses on improving the quality of life and enhancing the ease of living in rural areas.

Environmental Concerns

1. Threat to Rivers:

  • Smaller rivers are toxic, while major rivers like the Ganga and Yamuna are highly polluted.
  • Causes include population growth, urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural modernization.

2. Ecological Crisis:

  • Over-exploitation and mismanagement of water resources can lead to ecological crises affecting health, food security, and livelihoods.

Need for Conservation and Management

1. Importance of Conservation:

  • Safeguard health, ensure food security, sustain livelihoods, and protect ecosystems.
  • Prevent water resource impoverishment and ecological degradation.

2. Urgency of Action:

  • Immediate conservation and management of water resources are necessary to mitigate ecological and societal challenges.

Next & Previous Topics of NCERT/CBSE Geography Class 10 Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources

Topics No.Topics Name
1Water Scarcity And The Need For Water Conservation And Management
2Multi -Purpose River Projects And Integrated Water Resources Management
3Rainwater Harvesting

MCQ Questions on NCERT Geography Class 10 | Water Scarcity And The Need For Water Conservation And Management

Question 1. What is the primary cause of water scarcity in regions with ample water resources?

a) Seasonal rainfall
b) Over-exploitation and unequal access
c) Lack of dams and reservoirs
d) Poor water conservation techniques

Answer: b) Over-exploitation and unequal access

Question 2. What is the main consumer of water in India?

a) Industries
b) Domestic households
c) Irrigated agriculture
d) Urban centres

Answer: c) Irrigated agriculture

Question 3. Which type of farming technique is suggested to reduce over-exploitation of water?

a) Monocropping
b) Rainwater harvesting
c) Drought-resistant crops and dry farming techniques
d) Organic farming

Answer: c) Drought-resistant crops and dry farming techniques

Question 4. Which of the following contributes to water scarcity despite sufficient water availability?

a) Uneven rainfall
b) Pollution by industrial and domestic wastes
c) Excessive irrigation
d) Urbanisation

Answer: b) Pollution by industrial and domestic wastes

Question 5. What percentage of electricity production in India is contributed by hydroelectric power?

a) 10%
b) 22%
c) 30%
d) 40%

Answer: b) 22%

Question 6. What has post-independence industrialisation in India resulted in?

a) Decreased water scarcity
b) Pressure on freshwater resources
c) Equal distribution of water
d) Increased agricultural yields

Answer: b) Pressure on freshwater resources

Question 7. What has been the effect of urban housing societies on groundwater?

a) Conservation of groundwater
b) Over-exploitation and depletion
c) Improved water recycling
d) Equal access to water

Answer: b) Over-exploitation and depletion

Question 8. What is a potential consequence of farmers using tube wells extensively for irrigation?

a) Increased food security
b) Higher crop yields without any impact
c) Falling groundwater levels
d) Conservation of water resources

Answer: c) Falling groundwater levels

Question 9. What is the goal of the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)?

a) To provide irrigation facilities to farmers
b) To ensure piped potable water to rural households
c) To clean rivers like Ganga and Yamuna
d) To reduce urban water wastage

Answer: b) To ensure piped potable water to rural households

Question 10. According to the Jal Jeevan Mission, how much potable water per capita per day is targeted for rural households?

a) 25 litres
b) 50 litres
c) 55 litres
d) 60 litres

Answer: c) 55 litres

Question 11. Which government initiative prioritises improving the quality of life in rural areas through better water management?

a) National Water Policy
b) Jal Jeevan Mission
c) Clean Ganga Project
d) Save Water Programme

Answer: b) Jal Jeevan Mission

Question 12. What is the primary reason for India’s rivers turning into toxic streams?

a) Over-irrigation
b) Population growth and urbanisation
c) Seasonal droughts
d) Dam construction

Answer: b) Population growth and urbanisation

Question 13. Which rivers in India are particularly highlighted as being far from pure?

a) Brahmaputra and Godavari
b) Ganga and Yamuna
c) Narmada and Tapi
d) Cauvery and Krishna

Answer: b) Ganga and Yamuna

Question 14. What are the main pollutants of water bodies in India?

a) Rainwater and organic matter
b) Industrial waste, domestic waste, and agricultural chemicals
c) Aquatic plants
d) Salt deposits

Answer: b) Industrial waste, domestic waste, and agricultural chemicals

Question 15. Why is it essential to conserve and manage water resources?

a) To increase urbanisation
b) To ensure food security and prevent ecological crises
c) To facilitate industrial growth
d) To support population migration

Answer: b) To ensure food security and prevent ecological crises

Question 16. What is a major consequence of over-exploitation and mismanagement of water resources?

a) Decrease in population
b) Increase in biodiversity
c) Ecological crisis with profound impacts
d) Higher energy production

Answer: c) Ecological crisis with profound impacts

Question 17. Which of the following is NOT a suggested way to conserve water resources?

a) Managing water pollution
b) Using water-efficient irrigation techniques
c) Overdrawing groundwater for industrial use
d) Developing drought-resistant crops

Answer: c) Overdrawing groundwater for industrial use

Question 18. Which Indian state experienced life disruption due to a record 180 mm rainfall overnight, as mentioned in the content?

a) Chennai
b) Kolkata
c) Mumbai
d) Bengaluru

Answer: b) Kolkata

Question 19. What is the key reason for water shortages in cities despite sufficient rainfall?

a) Lack of rainwater harvesting
b) Unequal access and pollution of water resources
c) Excess agricultural usage
d) Migration to rural areas

Answer: b) Unequal access and pollution of water resources

Question 20. What is one of the significant causes of falling groundwater levels in India?

a) Increased rainfall
b) Over-reliance on tube-well irrigation
c) Urban water recycling
d) Construction of new dams

Answer: b) Over-reliance on tube-well irrigation

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