NCERT Geography Class 10 | Types Of Farming
Topic & sub-topics covered: Types Of Farming and MCQs Questions: Agriculture (All single detail notes are exam-oriented).
We have discussed in-depth and exam-oriented pointers that can be asked in the board exam of class 10th about “Types Of Farming” from the NCERT Geography notes for class 10th chapter 4th “Agriculture“.
Download the NCERT Geography for Class 10th Chapter 4 Agriculture PDF Notes
Are you here to download your free PDF notes for NCERT Geography for class 10th chapter 4th Agriculture then you are at the right place. You can download your free Agriculture PDF Notes by clicking the below link. This chapter covers major topics like types of farming, cropping patterns, and major crops grown in India that are exam-oriented with MCQ-type questions and answers. These free notes are specially made for class 10 students who are preparing for their board exam, these notes simplify complex concepts and provide clear explanations to enhance your understanding.
These notes are perfect for exam preparation in a short time because in these notes we cover the concepts in a pointer that are exam-oriented with MCQ, they include key points, diagrams, explanations, and MCQ questions that make you learn faster. Whether revising for tests, preparing for board/CBSE exams or building your knowledge, this PDF is a must-have resource to score high in Geography exams or tests.
Overview of Agriculture in India
1. Age-Old Economic Activity:
- Agriculture has evolved significantly over time in India.
- Cultivation methods depend on the physical environment, technology, and socio-cultural practices.
2. Types of Farming in India:
- Farming varies from subsistence to commercial.
Types Of Farming
I. Primitive Subsistence Farming
1. Definition:
- Practised on small patches of land using primitive tools like hoe, dao, and digging sticks.
- Relies on monsoon, soil fertility, and natural environmental conditions.
1. Monsoon for water supply.
2. Natural soil fertility for crop growth.
3. Family or community labour for farming tasks.
2. Characteristics:
- Slash and burn agriculture: Land is cleared, crops are grown, and the land is abandoned when fertility declines.
- The fertility of the soil decreases over time, prompting farmers to shift to new patches.
- Low land productivity is due to the lack of modern inputs like fertilizers.
3. Regional Names in India:
- Jhumming: North-Eastern States (Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland).
- Pamlou: Manipur.
- Dipa: Bastar (Chhattisgarh), Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
- Bewar/Dahiya: Madhya Pradesh.
- Podu/Penda: Andhra Pradesh.
- Kumari: Western Ghats.
- Khil: Himalayan region.
- Kuruwa: Jharkhand.
4. Global Names:
- Milpa: Mexico & Central America.
- Ladang: Indonesia.
- Roca: Brazil.
5. Crops Grown:
- Cereals and food crops for family sustenance.
6. Impact:
- Declining soil fertility due to lack of crop rotation or modern techniques.
II. Intensive Subsistence Farming
1. Definition:
- Labour-intensive farming with high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation.
- Practised in areas with high population pressure on land.
2. Challenges:
- Small, uneconomical landholdings due to the right of inheritance.
- Enormous pressure on agricultural land.
3. States Practising Intensive Farming:
- West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Punjab.
4. Objective:
- Maximise output from limited land.
III. Commercial Farming
1. Definition:
- Involves higher doses of modern inputs like HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides.
2. Regional Variation:
- Rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab but a subsistence crop in Odisha.
3. Plantation Farming:
- A subset of commercial farming where a single crop is grown on large tracts of land.
- Capital-intensive with migrant labour.
- Interface of agriculture and industry.
4. Important Plantation Crops in India:
- Tea: Assam and North Bengal.
- Coffee: Karnataka.
- Rubber, Sugarcane, Banana: Various regions.
5. Infrastructure Needs:
- Requires a well-developed network of transport and communication to connect plantations with industries and markets.
Key Concepts
- Types of Farming in India: Primitive subsistence, intensive subsistence, and commercial.
- Regional Variations in Crop Usage:
- Rice: Commercial in Haryana but subsistence in Odisha.
- Plantation Crops: Tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, and banana.
- Role of Transport and Communication: Essential for plantation farming.
Next & Previous Topics of NCERT/CBSE Geography Class 10 Chapter 4: Agriculture
| Topics No. | Topics Name |
|---|---|
| 1 | Types Of Farming |
| 2 | Cropping Pattern |
MCQ Questions on NCERT Geography Class 10 Chapter 4 | Types Of Farming
Question 1. Which type of tools are commonly used in primitive subsistence farming?
a) Tractors and ploughs
b) Hoe, dao, and digging sticks
c) Drip irrigation systems
d) Advanced Machinery
Answer: b) Hoe, dao, and digging sticks
Question 2. What does the term “slash and burn” agriculture refer to?
a) Permanent cultivation of crops
b) Clearing and burning land for temporary cultivation
c) Burning crop residues after harvest
d) Setting fire to forests for urbanisation
Answer: b) Clearing and burning land for temporary cultivation
Question 3. What is the local name for ‘slash and burn’ agriculture in the northeastern states of India?
a) Podu
b) Jhumming
c) Bewar
d) Ladang
Answer: b) Jhumming
Question 4. In which state is ‘Pamlou’ the local term for primitive subsistence farming?
a) Meghalaya
b) Manipur
c) Odisha
d) Rajasthan
Answer: b) Manipur
Question 5. What is the primary characteristic of primitive subsistence farming?
a) Use of fertilisers and irrigation
b) Labour-intensive farming
c) Dependence on monsoon and natural soil fertility
d) Cultivation for commercial purposes
Answer: c) Dependence on monsoon and natural soil fertility
Question 6. Which of the following is not a local name for shifting cultivation in India?
a) Bewar
b) Milpa
c) Khil
d) Penda
Answer: b) Milpa
Question 7. Why is land productivity low in primitive subsistence farming?
a) Lack of modern tools and techniques
b) Overuse of chemical fertilisers
c) Scarcity of land
d) Climate change
Answer: a) Lack of modern tools and techniques
Question 8. What crops are typically grown in primitive subsistence farming?
a) Tea and coffee
b) Cereals and food crops
c) Sugarcane and cotton
d) Fruits and vegetables
Answer: b) Cereals and food crops
Question 9. What is the local name for shifting cultivation in Odisha?
a) Pamlou
b) Kumari
c) Penda
d) Waltre
Answer: c) Penda
Question 10. What happens when soil fertility decreases in primitive subsistence farming?
a) Farmers use chemical fertilisers.
b) Farmers leave the land to rejuvenate naturally.
c) Farmers use irrigation systems.
d) Farmers cultivate the same patch repeatedly.
Answer: b) Farmers leave the land to rejuvenate naturally.
Question 11. What is the main characteristic of intensive subsistence farming?
a) Use of large land holdings
b) High population pressure on land
c) Minimal labour involvement
d) Cultivation of single crops
Answer: b) High population pressure on land
Question 12. Which of the following is commonly used in intensive subsistence farming?
a) Primitive tools
b) High doses of biochemical inputs
c) Advanced machinery
d) Rainwater harvesting systems
Answer: b) High doses of biochemical inputs
Question 13. Which factor has rendered land-holding sizes uneconomical in intensive subsistence farming?
a) Overuse of fertilisers
b) Right of inheritance
c) Migration of labourers
d) Lack of rainfall
Answer: b) Right of inheritance
Question 14. Which states in India practice intensive subsistence farming?
a) Punjab and Haryana
b) Kerala and Karnataka
c) Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
d) Rajasthan and Gujarat
Answer: c) Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
Question 15. Why is there enormous pressure on agricultural land in intensive subsistence farming?
a) Availability of alternative livelihoods
b) High doses of fertilisers
c) Division of land among successive generations
d) Use of advanced technologies
Answer: c) Division of land among successive generations
Question 16. What is the primary objective of commercial farming?
a) Growing crops for family consumption
b) Producing surplus for the market
c) Rotating crops to maintain soil fertility
d) Minimising labour costs
Answer: b) Producing surplus for the market
Question 17. Which of the following inputs is not used in commercial farming?
a) High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds
b) Chemical fertilisers
c) Traditional tools like hoe and dao
d) Pesticides
Answer: c) Traditional tools like hoe and dao
Question 18. What is an example of a crop that is commercial in one region and subsistence in another?
a) Tea
b) Rice
c) Coffee
d) Cotton
Answer: b) Rice
Question 19. Which farming method involves growing a single crop on a large scale?
a) Subsistence farming
b) Shifting cultivation
c) Plantation farming
d) Intensive farming
Answer: c) Plantation farming
Question 20. What is an example of a plantation crop in India?
a) Wheat
b) Cotton
c) Tea
d) Maize
Answer: c) Tea
Question 21. What is a key requirement for plantation farming?
a) Labour-intensive cultivation
b) Dependence on monsoon
c) Well-developed transport and communication networks
d) Minimal use of fertilisers
Answer: c) Well-developed transport and communication networks
Question 22. Which Indian state is famous for coffee plantations?
a) Assam
b) Karnataka
c) Tamil Nadu
d) West Bengal
Answer: b) Karnataka
Question 23. Which plantation crop is grown extensively in Assam?
a) Coffee
b) Rubber
c) Tea
d) Sugarcane
Answer: c) Tea
Question 24. What type of labour is primarily employed in plantation farming?
a) Local farmers
b) Migrant labourers
c) Urban workers
d) Automated machines
Answer: b) Migrant labourers
Question 25. What is the main difference between subsistence farming and commercial farming?
a) Use of inputs
b) Scale of production
c) Crops grown
d) Techniques employed
Answer: b) Scale of production
Question 26. Which type of farming is also referred to as “labour-intensive”?
a) Commercial farming
b) Plantation farming
c) Intensive subsistence farming
d) Primitive farming
Answer: c) Intensive subsistence farming
Question 27. What is the primary characteristic of shifting cultivation?
a) Permanent cultivation on large tracts of land
b) Temporary cultivation on cleared patches of land
c) Use of advanced irrigation systems
d) Year-round cultivation of cash crops
Answer: b) Temporary cultivation on cleared patches of land
Question 28. What links plantation farming with industry?
a) Family labour
b) Use of traditional tools
c) Produce serving as raw material for industries
d) Minimal transport requirements
Answer: c) Produce serving as raw material for industries