NCERT Geography Class 10 Multi-Purpose River Projects And Integrated Water Resources Management

NCERT Geography Class 10 | Multi-Purpose River Projects And Integrated Water Resources Management

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NCERT Geography Class 10 | Multi-Purpose River Projects And Integrated Water Resources Management

Topic & sub-topics covered: Multi-Purpose River Projects And Integrated Water Resources Management and MCQs Questions: Water Resources (All single detail notes are exam-oriented).

We have discussed in-depth and exam-oriented pointers that can be asked in the board exam of class 10th about “Multi-Purpose River Projects And Integrated Water Resources Management” from the NCERT Geography notes for class 10th chapter 3rd “Water Resources“.

Download the NCERT Geography for Class 10th Chapter 3 Water Resources PDF

Looking for the NCERT Geography Class 10 Chapter 3: Water Resources PDF? Download it here to explore a comprehensive guide to one of the most crucial resources for life – water. This chapter dives into topics like the distribution of water resources, the need for water conservation, and sustainable management practices. Whether preparing for exams or simply brushing up on your knowledge, the NCERT textbook ensures clarity and accuracy.

NCERT Geography Class 10th Chapter 3 Water Resources PDF Notes

This easy-to-download PDF is perfect for students aiming to excel in their studies and understand the importance of water in everyday life. Convenient, accessible, and highly informative, it’s your one-stop solution to ace Geography while learning critical environmental concepts. Get started now!

Multi-Purpose River Projects And Integrated Water Resources Management

Water Conservation: Historical Perspective

1. Ancient Hydraulic Structures:

  • Sringaverapura (1st century B.C.): Sophisticated water harvesting system to channel Ganga floodwaters.
  • Mauryan Period: Construction of dams, lakes, and irrigation systems.
  • Notable Ancient Sites:
    a.     Kalinga (Odisha), Nagarjunakonda (Andhra Pradesh), Bennur (Karnataka), Kolhapur (Maharashtra).
    b. Bhopal Lake: Built in the 11th century, it is one of the largest artificial lakes.
    c. Hauz Khas (14th century): Constructed by Iltutmish for Siri Fort’s water supply.

Modern Water Conservation: Dams and Multi-Purpose Projects

1. Functions of Dams:

  • Traditionally used to impound rivers and rainwater for irrigation.
  • Modern uses: Hydroelectric power, water supply, flood control, recreation, inland navigation, fish breeding.

2. Multi-Purpose Projects:

  • Bhakra-Nangal (Sutluj-Beas basin): Irrigation and hydel power.
  • Hirakud (Mahanadi basin): Water conservation and flood control.

3. Dams Classification:

  • By Structure: Timber, embankment, masonry dams (with subtypes).
  • By Height: Low, medium, high dams; large and major dams.

4. Post-Independence Development:

  • Multi-purpose projects aimed to integrate agricultural and industrial development.
  • Jawaharlal Nehru called dams the “temples of modern India.”

Environmental and Social Issues

1. Environmental Concerns:

  • Natural Flow: Damming causes poor sediment flow, excessive sedimentation, and rocky stream beds.
  • Aquatic Life: Habitat disruption and migration difficulties for fauna.
  • Floodplain Submergence: Leads to vegetation and soil decomposition.
  • Soil Salinisation: Water-intensive agriculture affects soil fertility.

2. Social Issues:

  • Displacement: Large-scale displacement of local communities for dam projects.
  • Beneficiaries: Primarily landowners, industrialists, and urban centres, while the landless and poor are neglected.
  • Movements:
    a. Narmada Bachao Andolan: Opposed Sardar Sarovar Dam; demanded full rehabilitation for displaced communities.
    b. Tehri Dam Andolan: Resisted displacement and ecological harm.

3. Inter-State Water Disputes:

  • Sabarmati Basin: Conflicts over water allocation between farmers and urban centres during droughts.
  • Krishna-Godavari Dispute: Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh opposed Maharashtra’s Koyna project for reducing downstream water flow.

Failures of Multi-Purpose Projects

1. Flood Aggravation:

  • Sedimentation in reservoirs reduced flood control efficiency.
  • Release of water during heavy rains worsened floods (e.g., 2006 floods in Maharashtra and Gujarat).

2. Land Degradation:

  • Floodplains are deprived of silt, a natural fertiliser, leading to land degradation.

3. Other Failures:

  • Triggered earthquakes.
  • Increased waterborne diseases, pests, and pollution due to excessive water use.

Key Learnings and Conservation Needs

1. Lessons from Damodar River:

  • “River of Sorrow”: Flooding and sedimentation adversely impacted communities (depicted in Bhadu songs).

2. Call for Sustainable Practices:

  • Need for balancing development with environmental and social well-being.
  • Promote equitable sharing of water resources to prevent conflicts.

Next & Previous Topics of NCERT/CBSE Geography Class 10 Chapter 3: Water Resources

Topics No.Topics Name
1Water Scarcity And The Need For Water Conservation And Management
2Multi -Purpose River Projects And Integrated Water Resources Management
3Rainwater Harvesting

MCQ Questions on NCERT Geography Class 10 Chapter 3 | Multi-Purpose River Projects And Integrated Water Resources Management

Question 1. Which ancient site near Allahabad had a sophisticated water harvesting system in the first century B.C.?

a) Nagarjunakonda
b) Sringaverapura
c) Hauz Khas
d) Kalinga

Answer: b) Sringaverapura

Question 2. During whose reign were dams, lakes, and irrigation systems extensively built?

a) Ashoka
b) Chandragupta Maurya
c) Akbar
d) Iltutmish

Answer: b) Chandragupta Maurya

Question 3. The Hauz Khas tank in Delhi was constructed by which ruler?

a) Alauddin Khilji
b) Iltutmish
c) Babur
d) Shah Jahan

Answer: b) Iltutmish

Question 4. Which 11th-century lake is considered one of the largest artificial lakes of its time?

a) Sambhar Lake
b) Bhopal Lake
c) Dal Lake
d) Pulicat Lake

Answer: b) Bhopal Lake

Question 5. What are dams primarily used for in modern times?

a) Flood control
b) Hydroelectric power generation
c) Irrigation and water supply
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Question 6. What is a spillway in the context of dams?

a) A section for sedimentation
b) A barrier to stop water flow
c) A section where water flows intermittently or continuously
d) A channel for irrigation

Answer: c) A section where water flows intermittently or continuously

Question 7. Which multi-purpose project integrates hydel power production with irrigation in the Sutlej-Beas basin?

a) Hirakud Project
b) Bhakra-Nangal Project
c) Sardar Sarovar Project
d) Damodar Valley Project

Answer: b) Bhakra-Nangal Project

Question 8. What is the primary classification of dams based on their structure?

a) Timber, embankment, masonry dams
b) Small, medium, large dams
c) Concrete, steel, stone dams
d) Irrigation, hydroelectric, flood-control dams

Answer: a) Timber, embankment, masonry dams

Question 9. What is one major ecological consequence of irrigation from dams?

a) Increased agricultural productivity
b) Soil salinisation
c) Reduction in urban water supply
d) Increased rainfall in the region

Answer: b) Soil salinisation

Question 10. Which river is called the ‘River of Sorrow’ in the Damodar Valley?

a) Narmada
b) Mahanadi
c) Damodar
d) Krishna

Answer: c) Damodar

Question 11. What was the primary focus of the Narmada Bachao Andolan initially?
a) Displacement of people
b) Environmental issues related to submerging trees
c) Opposition to electricity generation
d) Protests against taxation policies

Answer: b) Environmental issues related to submerging trees

Question 12. Which of the following is NOT an issue caused by dams?

a) Induced earthquakes
b) Increased siltation in floodplains
c) Enhanced migration of aquatic fauna
d) Submergence of vegetation and soil

Answer: c) Enhanced migration of aquatic fauna

Question 13. What is a common social consequence of dam construction?

a) Reduction in poverty
b) Displacement of local communities
c) Increased employment opportunities
d) Equal distribution of resources

Answer: b) Displacement of local communities

Question 14. Which states are part of the Sardar Sarovar project?

a) Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan
b) Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu
c) Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand
d) Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand

Answer: a) Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan

Question 15. The Krishna-Godavari water dispute involves which states?

a) Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh
b) Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana
c) Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar
d) Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka

Answer: a) Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh

Question 16. Which of the following groups primarily benefits from multi-purpose projects?

a) Landless farmers
b) Urban centres and industrialists
c) Marginalised tribal communities
d) Small-scale fishermen

Answer: b) Urban centres and industrialists

Question 17. What is a common failure of dams during excessive rainfall?

a) Enhanced power generation
b) Control of floods
c) Triggering floods due to sedimentation
d) Increase in agricultural land

Answer: c) Triggering floods due to sedimentation

Question 18. Which environmental movement opposed the Sardar Sarovar Dam?

a) Chipko Movement
b) Silent Valley Movement
c) Narmada Bachao Andolan
d) Save the Western Ghats Movement

Answer: c) Narmada Bachao Andolan

Question 19. What term did Jawaharlal Nehru use to describe dams in India?

a) Pillars of Progress
b) Engines of Development
c) Temples of Modern India
d) Guardians of Agriculture

Answer: c) Temples of Modern India

Question 20. What natural fertiliser is often deprived of floodplains due to dam sedimentation?

a) Compost
b) Silt
c) Nitrogen
d) Phosphate

Answer: b) Silt

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